How to Calculate Battery Charging Time via Solar Panel

Given:
Kia Sportage 12 Volt Car Battery 60 AH (ampere-hour) capacity
ALLPOWERS solar charger 18 volts, 7.5 watts, 0.4 amperes max
Mono-crystalline silicon panel 
* No-load voltage: 18-23VDC
* Load voltage: 18V
* Output current: 270-410 mAh (0.27A-0.4A)
* Size: 320 x 128 x 4mm / 12.6 * 5.0 * 0.12 inch
* Weight:0.323 kg / 11.4oz

Attention:
Unplug the charger at night, for it needs sunlight to charge devices


FACTORS AFFECTING BATTERY CHARGING TIME
- Battery state: the more the battery is discharged, the longer it takes to charge
- Battery rating: the more the battery AH capacity, the longer the charging time
- Charging rate: this is the Ampere rating of the charger (output current)
- Sun intensity: the clearer, brighter sky, the more voltage and more amperes from the sun
- Sun hours: amount of hours of sunlight during the day of the geographic location
- Charger efficiency: for mono-crystalline solar chargers, 85-90%
- Temperature: Colder temperatures means longer charging time


Assumptions:
Sun hours: 4 hours, average cloudy day
Location coordinates: Latitude = 48 N, Longitude = 123 W
Charging rate: average output current = (0.27A + 0.4A)/2 = 0.33 amps
Charger efficiency: 85%
Battery state of charge: 50%


12 Volt Battery State of Charge:
 Volts -- % Charged
 12.6  ---- 100 %
 12.5  ---- 90 %
 12.4  ---- 80 %
 12.3  ---- 70 %
 12.2  ---- 60 %
 12.0  ---- 50 %
 11.9  ---- 40 %
 11.8  ---- 30 %
 11.6  ---- 20 %
 11.3  ---- 10 %
 10.5  ---- 0 %



CHARGE TIME CALCULATION

Step 1: Calculate Average Daily Ampere-Hour of Charger

Ave Daily Ah =  Ave Charging rate x Sun hours x Charger efficiency

Ave Daily Ah = 0.33 Amps x ( 4 hours/day ) x 0.85

Ave Daily Ah = 1 Ah/day



Step 2: Calculate Battery Capacity Energy Top Up Amount

Battery Top Up Amount = Battery Capacity x State of Charge

Battery Top Up Amount = 60 Ah x 50%

Battery Top Up Amount = 30 Ah



Step 3: Calculate Battery Charging Time

Battery Charging Time = Battery Top Up Amount/Ave Daily Ah

Battery Charging Time = 30 Ah/1 Ah per day

Battery Charging Time = 30 days  (1 month)

CHARGING CAR BATTERY IS BETTER THAN BOOSTING SEVERAL TIMES

Benefits of Trickle Charging vs Jump-Starting:
- Safer
- No risk of battery explosion
- Prevents sulfuric acid release
- Lesser bodily harm/lesser accidents
- Cheaper (compared to wasting fuel driving for over 3 hours to charge battery)
- Possibility of damaging the onboard computers
- Voltage spike can do damage over time
- Sudden inrush of current repeatedly is bad compared to slowly trickle charging
- After jump starting, your alternator will work hard to charge the dead battery
- Prolongs the life of the alternator
- Makes battery last longer

2 seasons (7 months) car idling fuel consumption - 15 min/wk

* Average Fuel Consumption at Idle:
half gallon per hour
2 Liters per Hour
1 Liter per 30 minutes


Car info:
4 cylinder
2 liter engine
automatic transmission
20 miles per gallon fuel economy
32 km per gallon fuel economy
7 km per liter fuel economy


Average speed:
80 km/hr highway speed
50 km/hr city speed
65 km/hr average speed


Full Tank fuel consumption analysis:
50 Liter (13 Gallons) fuel tank capacity (full tank)
500 km driving range at full tank fuel
7 hours drive at 65 km/h to empty a full tank fuel
7 km per liter fuel consumption


Average Fuel Consumption per Hour of Driving:
50 km per hour
-------------------- = 7 Liters per Hour
7 km per Liter


Fuel Cost per Hour:
7 Liters per hour x $1.30 per Liter = $10 per hour


Total Driving Time per Full Tank Fuel:
7 hours drive to empty a full tank fuel = 420 minutes


How long until my fuel tank goes empty at 7 months idle:
not driving my car for 7 months (winter and spring season)
30 weeks in 2 seasons (7 months)

420 minutes
----------------- = 15 minutes idle per week
30 weeks


Fuel Consumption at 15 minutes driving:
7 liters per hour
---------------------------------- = 1.75 liters per 15 minutes
4 fifteen minutes per hour


Conservative Fuel Consumption at 7 months idle (15 minutes per week -> 1 hour per month):
1.75 liters x 4 per month x 7 months = 50 Liters (full tank)


* Average "Actual" Fuel Consumption at 7 months idle (15 minutes per week -> 1 hour per month):
Using the data:
1 Liter fuel per 30 minutes idle
0.5 Liter fuel per 15 minutes idle

0.5 liter x 4 per month x 7 months = 15 liters (1/3 fuel tank)

Bidewen cheapest electric car in the world mass-produced

Bidewen sells through Alibaba the cheapest electric car at $5500.

This is a big challenge to the big auto companies such as Nissan, Tesla, Mitsubishi, Renault and other big manufacturers of electric cars.

Produce cheap electric cars, affordable and environmentally friendly.


Company Profile:

Shandong Bidewen Power Technology Co., Ltd.

http://bidewen.en.alibaba.com/company_profile.html

Main Products: Electric Bike, Electric Scooter, Electric Car, Electric Tricycle

Location: Shandong, China (Mainland)

Year Established: 2007

Number Of Employees: Over 1000 People

Total Revenue: Over US$100 Million

Certifications: ISO9001,ISO9001

2014 Bidewen D50 Electric Car

            
FOB Price: US $ 5500 - 8500 / Piece

Made in: China
Model: D50 (available in 5 models)
Year: 2014
Brand Name: BYVIN
Doors: 4
Seats: 4

Power: 3-5 kw
MOTOR: 3KW - 4KW
Max speed (km/h): 50 km/hr
Range, Running distance: 100-180 km per charge
BATTERY: 60V 100AH; 48V 150AH; 48V 200AH; 72V 150AH
Battery type: Gel battery

Gear Box: Automatic
Steering: Left
Drive: FWD
Material of body: Steel

L*W*H (mm): 3320 x 1540 x 1480
Wheel base(mm): 2260
Curb weight (kg): 760-940
Max climbing incline (%): 20

More Info:
http://bidewen.en.alibaba.com/product/717611937-201007927/2014_new_electric_car.html

Total number of electric cars in the world

Electric Vehicles:
- Today (2014), the total number of electric vehicles in the world is 5% of all global vehicles or 3 million units
- Electric vehicles include:
-- electric road vehicles
-- electric rail vehicles
-- electric abovewater (surface) vessels
-- electric underwater vessels
-- electric aircraft
-- electric space vehicles


Electric Cars:
- By year 2020, the total number of electric cars in the world will be 10% of all vehicles worldwide or
   6 million units

300,000 approx. highway-capable electric cars:

- Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_cars 
- Data info:
-- highway-capable electric cars
-- light utility electric vehicles
-- date of manufacture: 2008 to 2014

As of June 2014:

Nissan Leaf - 124,000
Tesla Model S - 39,163
Mitsubishi i-MiEV family - 32,000
Renault Kangoo Z.E. - 14,542
Renault Zoe - 12,631
Chery QQ3 EV - 11,528
Smart electric drive - 8,800
BMW i3 - 6,873
JAC J3 EV - 6,731
Mitsubishi Minicab MiEV - 5,662
Kandi EV - 5,329
BYD e6 - 5,059
Volkswagen e-Up! - 4,952
Renault Fluence Z.E. - 3,894
Ford Focus Electric - 3,327
Bolloré Bluecar - 3,131
Tesla Roadster - 2,500

TOTAL: 290,122

2014 Price Comparison of All-electric Vehicles (Battery-Electric Cars)

Below is a comparison of this year's (2014) all-electric vehicles with the following criteria:
- Price
- Battery
- Range
- Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent - MPGe
- Electric Motor Power

Vehicles compared (prices in US dollars):
1. Nissan Leaf
2. Chevrolet Spark EV
3. Ford Focus EV
4. Tesla Model S


2014 Nissan Leaf
Price: $29,830
Battery: 24 kWh battery
Range: 75 miles (EPA)
MPG: 115 MPGe
Electric Motor: 80 kW motor


2014 Chevrolet Spark EV
Price: $27,495
Battery: 20 kWh battery
Range: 82 miles (EPA)
MPG: 119 MPGe
Electric Motor: 110 kW motor


2014 Ford Focus EV
Price: $35,995
Battery: 23 kWh battery
Range: 76 miles (EPA)
MPG: 105 MPGe
Electric Motor: 107 kW motor


2014 Tesla Model S
Price: $69,900-$93,400
Battery: 60-85 kWh battery
Range: 208-265 miles (EPA)
MPG: 89-95 MPGe
Electric Motor: 270-310 kW motor


================================


Compare with 2014 KIA SPORTAGE Automatic GASOLINE-POWERED

Base price :
 $25,195 

Engine Type :
 I-4 2.4 litres

Transmission:
 Automatic

Power :
 182 hp @ 6,000 rpm (136 kW)

Torque :
 177 lb·ft @ 4,000 rpm (240 N·m)

Induction :
 Atmospheric

Power to weight ratio :
 94.8 W/kg

Bore :
 88 mm

Stroke :
 97 mm

Fuel type :
 Regular Gasoline (internal-combustion engine)

CO2 emissions :
 3,956 kg/year

Drivetrain :
 FWD

Vehicle type :
 SUV

Category :
 Compact SUVs under $40,000

Fuel efficiency / Autonomy :
 City :
 10.0 l/100km

 Highway :
 6.9 l/100km

 Autonomy :
 580 km

Driving Victoria to Comox is 50% cheaper (half the price of bus ticket)

Average cost of bus: $60

Cost of driving: $35

Example data: Currency in Canadian Dollar

Driving Distance: 140 Miles / 225 Km.

Driving Time: 3 hours

Vehicle: KIA 2008 SPORTAGE SUV, 2 Liter, Automatic

Miles per Gallon:
21 miles per gallon Combined
19 miles per gallon City
24 miles per gallon Highway

Kilometers per Liter: 9 km/Li

Fuel cost per Liter: $1.30 per Liter of gas
Fuel cost per gallon: $5 per gallon of gasoline 

Miles per dollar of gas: 21/5 = 4 miles per dollar
Kilometers per dollar of gas: 9/1.3 = 6.5 km/dollar

Fuel Cost to drive from Victoria to Comox, BC:
140/4 = $35
225/6.5 = $35

Conclusion:
Driving from Victoria, BC to Comox, BC is half the price of bus ticket.